Parfenova L.A.¹ (Kazan, Russian Federation) – laraparf@mail.ru; Tsukhlov N.A.¹ (Kazan, Russian Federation) – luminositeq@mail.ru

¹Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism

Abstract. The article presents the results of a historical and pedagogical study of the formation and development of adaptive physical education of persons with intellectual disabilities, carried out on the material of 73 dissertations defended in 1962–2026. The aim is to identify and characterize the periods of transformation of the theory and practice of adaptive physical education of this category of persons and to determine the leading trends and promising directions for the development of scientific knowledge. The methodological basis was formed by systemic and interdisciplinary approaches; historical and pedagogical, bibliographic and comparative analyses, content analysis of dissertations and the periodization method were applied. The novelty lies in treating the whole body of Russian dissertation research in this field as a single object of analysis, with periodization criteria built on legal, methodological and science-studies grounds. It is established that the development of the Russian scientific school of adaptive physical culture of persons with intellectual disabilities has passed five qualitatively different periods: the accumulation of empirical material under the dominance of correctional tasks (1962 – late 1980s); the formation of scientific directions (1990–2000); the conceptual design (2000–2010); specialization and institutionalization (2010–2020); and nosological specialization and individualization (2020 – present). Stable patterns are revealed: growth in the number of studies, expansion of the studied contingent, diversification of correctional and pedagogical means, institutional expansion of practice and methodological fundamentalization. A disproportion is stated between scientific developments and their implementation in practice, and the need for mechanisms translating scientific knowledge into practice is substantiated.

Keywords: adaptive physical education, adaptive physical culture, persons with intellectual disabilities, dissertation research, periodization of the development of scientific knowledge, correctional pedagogy, adaptive sport, Special Olympics Russia.

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For citation: Parfenova, L. A., & Tsukhlov, N. A. (2026). Periods of transformation of the theory and practice of adaptive physical education of persons with intellectual disabilities in the context of dissertation research analysis. CITISE, 3, 701-715. (In Russian).