UDC 378:316.354

Mudrik A.V.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – amudrik@yandex.ru; Seryakova S.B.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – sb.seryakova@mpgu.ru; Tamarskaya N.V.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – nv.tamarskaya@mpgu.su

¹Moscow State Pedagogical University

Abstract.  This article offers an analytical account of the history of adolescent and youth movements in Russia: the emergence of scouting and other organizations in the early 20th century; the emergence and consolidation of the Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization and the Young Communist League; the specifics of their activities in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1950s; the emergence of new trends in the 1960s; and the dramatic changes beginning in the 1990s. The article aims to demonstrate the historical development of the adolescent and youth movement in Russia, which at all stages acted as a complex, multidimensional socio-pedagogical phenomenon, reducible to either an instrument of state policy or the spontaneous initiative of children, adolescents, boys, and girls. Its effectiveness was determined by its ability to find a relative balance between these two poles. Historical experience shows that the periods of this movement’s heyday coincided with periods when the organizations that comprised it managed to maintain a living connection with the real needs and interests of their members, without becoming solely transmitters of state ideology. The research methodology utilized historicism and normative-interpretive phenomenological approaches, employing methods of historical-theoretical analysis and subject-categorical analysis. The scientific novelty of the study’s results lies in its presentation of the historical aspect of adolescent and youth movements within the framework of the scientific and methodological support for their activities. The practical significance of the study lies in its potential application in understanding the development, formation, and evolution of various adolescent and youth movements.

Keywords: youth movement, Scouts, Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization, Young Communist League, Movement of the First.

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For citation: Mudrik, A. V., Seryakova, S. B., & Tamarskaya, N. V. (2026). Adolescent and youth movements in historical retrospect. CITISE, 2, 1054–1065. (In Russian).