UDC 377.1:37.013

Popova N.V.¹ (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation) – nv_popova@mail.ru

¹Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin

Abstract. The issue of vocational education acquires particular relevance in the context of modernizing the secondary vocational education system and strengthening interaction between educational institutions and employers. Modern pedagogical science considers vocational education as a crucial factor in shaping a specialist’s personality and developing their professional identity. In this regard, the importance of historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of vocational education in Russia increases. The aim of the study is to identify and scientifically substantiate the main stages of the genesis and development of vocational education in Russia, as well as to determine the key patterns, factors, and trends of its evolution in the context of socio-economic and educational transformations of society. The methodological basis of the research comprises historical-pedagogical analysis, comparative-historical method, as well as a systematic approach to studying educational processes. The article uses the works of Russian educators and modern research in the field of professional education. The article examines the key stages in the development of vocational education: the traditions of craft apprenticeship in the pre-Petrine period, the institutionalisation of vocational education during the reforms of Peter the Great, the development of the concept of labour education in 19th-century pedagogy, the formation of the state system of vocational education in the Soviet period, the transformation of vocational education in the post-Soviet era, and current trends in the development of the secondary vocational education system. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the stages of vocational education development and the identification of the continuity of pedagogical ideas of labour education within the historical dynamics of Russian education. It is concluded that the modern system of vocational education relies on the historical experience of combining education with labour activity and is developing under conditions of expanding social partnership between educational institutions and employers.

Keywords: professional education, vocational education, labor education, secondary vocational education system, historical and pedagogical analysis, social partnership, and professional training.

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For citation: Popova, N. V. (2026). Genesis and development of professional education in Russia: Historical and pedagogical analysis. CITISE, 2, 173–183. (In Russian).