Dmitry M. Astanin – Senior lecturer Subdepartment of architectural environment design Cherepovets State University (Russia, Cherepovets), SPIN code: 5969-0840, E-mail: montenegro.astanin@mail.ru

Abstract. Theses for search of new types of ecological tourism on the basis of allocation of the prevailing signs of the territory are formed.  Currently, ecotourism is spread all over the world: Latin America, Asia, Africa. As a result of natural and cultural features, the existing models of ecotourism have been transformed and new types of ecotourism have appeared. The middle East is the center of the origin of the planet’s religions. A distinctive feature of Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Israel is the orientation of tourism on pilgrimage tours to sacred places. In Africa and Australia, there is a type of ecotourism such as ethnic or aboriginal tourism, the cultural landscape of which includes the territory of traditional nature management of local tribes. A special feature of ecotourism in Central and Latin America is the organization of national parks for the preservation of ancient landscape complexes of extinct civilizations. In Russia, a new type of ecotourism has emerged – expeditionary tourism, which is less dependent on the transport accessibility of the territory and its routes cover large areas. Ecological and cultural synthesis, going beyond the protected areas to the cultural landscape, the greening of the local economy – these can and should be the new principles of the Russian strategy of ecotourism. Each macroregion is characterized by its model of environmental and cultural values, which should form national eco-tourism concepts.

Keywords: ecological tourism, American (North American, Australian) ecotourism model, Western European (German) ecotourism model, recreational tourism, educational tourism, scientific tourism, rural tourism, ethnic tourism, historical tourism, pilgrimage tourism, ethnic tourism, historical tourism, expedition tourism.

References:

1. Butche J. Ecotourism, NGOs and development: A critical analysis. London: Routledge. 2007. 208 pp.
2. Farrell B. H., Runyan D. Ecology and tourism- Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1991. pp. 26-40.
3. Astanin D. M. Amerikanskaya model’ ehkologicheskogo turizma – minimizaciya vozdejstviya na okruzhayushchuyu sredu i ee planirovochnye aspekty. Arhitekton: izvestiya vuzov. 2017. №4 (60). [EHlektronnyj resurs]. dostupa:http://archvuz.ru/PDF/%23%2060%20PDF/ArchPHE%2360pp29-41Astanin.pdf
4. Astanin D. M. Evropejskaya model’ ehkologicheskogo turizma – sohranenie tradicionnoj kul’tury i ee vliyanie na planirovochnuyu organizaciyu rekreacionnyh territorij. Arhitekton: izvestiya vuzov. – 2017.  №3(59).  [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://archvuz.ru
5. Jelloustounskij nacional’nyj park. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.nps.gov/yell/index.html
6. Nacional’nyj park «Grand-Kan’on». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.nps.gov/grca/index.htm
7. Nacional’nyj park «Prins-Al’bert». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.pc.gc.ca/fr/pn-np/sk/pri ncealbert/index
8. Parki Kanady — uchrezhdenie pravitel’stva Kanady. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index
9. Nacional’naya parkovaya rezervaciya «Gvaji-Haanas». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/bc/gwaiihaanas
10. Kabo V. R. Tasmanijcy i tasmanijskaya problema. — M.: Nauka, Glavnaya redakciya vostochnoj literatury, 1975. s. 200: il.
11. Russkij sever. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa:http://russever.region35.ru/.
12. Nacional’nyj park «Uluru-Kata-T’yuta». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/index.html
13. Al’pijskaya konvenciya. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa:http://www.alpconv.org/pages/default.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
14. Nacional’nyj park «Bavarskij les». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.de/
15. Nacional’nyj park «Saksonskaya SHvejcariya». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.nationalpark-saechsische-schweiz.de/
16. Timothy D., Iverson T. 2006. Tourism and Islam: consideration of culture and duty. In Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys. Routledge. Taylor and Francis Group: Oxford; pp.186–205.
17. Kononov YU.V. Strana subtropikov i zasnezhennyh gor: Puteshestvie po Nepalu. M.: Mysl’, 1985. 141 c.
18. Nacional’nyj park «Sagarmátha». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. Rezhim dostupa:http://www.southasia.com/dnpwc/Sagarmatha%20national%20Park/sagindex.html
19. Korolevskij nacional’nyj park «CHitvan». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://ww7.chitwannationalpark.org/
20. Nacional’nyj park «Serengeti». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.serengeti.org/
21. Fennell D. A., Eagles P. F. Ecotourism in Costa Rica: a conceptual framework.Journal of park and recreation administration 8(1): 23-34., 1990.
22. Menkhaus S., Lober D. J. International ecotourism and the valuation of tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Journal of environmental management 47. pp. 1-10. 1996.
23. Nacional’nyj park «Tikal’». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.tikalpark.com/
24. San Agustin. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=744
25. Vsemirnaya set’ biosfernyh rezervatov YUNESKO. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/database.asp[26]
26. Polozhenie o Vsemirnoj seti biosfernyh rezervatov. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.unesco.ru/docs/seville_ad.pdf
27. Sochinskij nacional’nyj park. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://sochinationalpark.ru/
28. Zabajkal’skij nacional’nyj park. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa:http://zapovednoe-podlemorye.ru/territory/zabnatpark/
29. Kenozerskij nacional’nyj park. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa:http://www.kenozero.ru/
30. Nacional’nyj park «Vodlozerskij». [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://vodlozero.ru/
31. Tajmyrskij zapovednik. [EHlektronnyj resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://zapovedsever.ru/