UDC 338

Davydova Y.A.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – ylkadav@mail.ru; Gromina Z.V.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – dpsas.zlata@mail.ru; Birkina A.A.¹ (Moscow, Russian Federation) – birkina.AA@rea.ru

¹Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

Abstract. Given the prolonged and unprecedented use of economic sanctions against the national economy of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop and implement an appropriate economic policy, with an emphasis on ensuring the economic security of the country and the social sphere, stimulating sustainable long–term economic growth, as well as protecting national economic interests at various levels – national, regional and global. This paper analyzes the methods used by the Government of the Russian Federation to overcome sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries. Based on the author’s research conducted in March 2025, in the format of an expert interview, the authors systematize the measures taken to counteract the sanctions and assess their effectiveness. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of methods of countering Western sanctions, as well as in the expert assessment of the impact of restrictions on the lives of citizens of the Russian Federation. The results of the study show that the Russian Federation has successfully coped with the sanctions blow, as evidenced by the 4.3% GDP growth in 2024. An analysis of the expert interview revealed that those industries that were export-oriented were primarily affected by the sanctions: oil and gas, aircraft manufacturing, mechanical engineering, automotive, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. Experts named the use of tax incentives, import substitution, building relations with partner countries that are interested in further developing economic relations with Russia, searching for alternative supply routes, and legalizing parallel imports as the most effective mechanisms to prevent a large-scale economic crisis. The authors concluded that in the near future, sanctions should not be lifted by the West, which is quite aggressive towards Russia.

Keywords: sanctions, state economic policy, anti-sanctions policy, methods of countering sanctions.

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For citation: Davydova Y.A., Gromina Z.V., Burkina A.A. Methods of countering Western sanctions in the economic sphere. CITISE, 2025, no. 2, pp. 490-503.