Natalia Zhadunova – candidate of philosophical sciences, dean of the faculty of additional education  Ogarev Mordovia State University, ORCID: 0000-0002-9058-0488, E-mail: zhadunovan@mail.ru, (Russia, Saransk)

Catherine Koval – candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor of law enforcement activities and enforcement proceedings of Middle-Volga Institute (branch) of Russian State University of Justice (MOJ Russia RPA) ORCID: 0000-0003-0069-5335, E-mail: nwifesc@yandex.ru, (Russia, Saransk)

Elena Kunderevich – candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor of philosophy Kiev National University of culture and arts, ORCID: 0000-0001-7248-5033, E-mail: kunderevich@mail.ru, (Ukraine, Kiev)

Abstract. The article is devoted to such an urgent problem as the study of the possibilities of countering the information war in the system of higher education, carried out on the basis of technological, psychological, historical-political and ethical-philosophical approaches. The study of the content of these approaches makes it possible to develop the idea about the ways of counteracting the negative consequences of the contemporary information war and the application of moral constraints to the personal information activity, which are formed in the process of receiving higher education. The main task of the authors is the analysis of the needs of experts (the specialists of higher education system in Russia and CIS countries) to study indicated problems in the university in order to build students’ skills in countering the information warfare in individual and social practices. An expert survey method was used. 40 experts from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine participated in this survey. Respondents were pro-rectors of universities, employees of regional ministries of education, heads of departments, teachers of the humanities in the higher education institutions. The research identified the needs for analysis of the issues of the information warfare and ways to counteract its negative consequences in the process of learning various social and humanitarian disciplines by the university students. The study of this problem will allow students to create competencies aimed at critical understanding of information; to apply moral constraints to the information and communication activities of different target groups; to develop independent position in the situation of information confrontation. At the institutional level (government ministries and departments) it is necessary to consider the possibility of including courses and modules devoted to the problem of information warfare and ways of counteracting it in individual and social levels to the main educational programs of higher education curricula.

Keywords: ways to counter, education, information warfare, information pollution, moral constraints, expert survey.

References:

1. Moskowitz B. Overhauling one high-school subject is our best hope for the future of democracy. January 23, 2017. Available at: https://qz.com/887177/overhauling-one-high-school-subject-is-our-best-hope-for-the-future-of-democracy (accessed 03.02.2017).
2. Zhadunova N.V., Koval’ E.A. Soldat informatsionnoy voyny: desubstantivatsiya i predely moral’noy argumentatsii [The soldier of Information War: desubstantivation and limits of the moral argumentation] // Gumanitariy: aktual’nye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya = Humanitarian: actual problems of science and education. 2016; 3 (35): 77-83. (In Russ.).
3. Panarin I.N. Gladiatory gibridnoy voyny [Gladiators of the Hybrid War] // Ekonomicheskie strategii = Economic Strategies. 2016; 2. Available at: http://www.inesnet.ru/article/gladiatory-gibridnoj-vojny/ (accessed 04.2017). (In Russ.).
4. Chumichkin A.A. Sovremennye vyzovy razvitiyu informatsionnykh tekhnologiy v usloviyakh ispol’zovaniya setevykh soobshchestv v realizatsii strategiy informatsionnykh voyn [Modern challenges to the development of information technologies in the context of using networked communities in the implementation of information war strategies]. Natsional’nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost’ = National interests. Priorities and security. 2012; 9: 33-41. (In Russ.).
5. Alekseev A.P., Alekseeva I.Yu. Informatsionnaya voyna v informatsionnom obshchestve [The Information War in the Information Society] // Voprosy Filosofii = Russian Studies in Philosophy. 2016; 11: 5-14. (In Russ.).
6. Arquilla J. Can information warfare ever be just? Ethics and Information Technology, 1998, no. 1(3), pp. 203-212.
7. Grachev G.V., Gracheva I.G., Litvinenko M.V. Psikhologicheskaya kontseptsiya i metodika podgotovki spetsialistov po informatsionno-psikhologicheskoy ekspertize materialov SMI [Psychological concept and methodology of training specialists in information-psychological expertise of media materials] // Chelovecheskiy capital = Human capital. 2013; 4: 36-43. (In Russ.).
8. Manoylo A.V. Psikhologicheskie operatsii v reyderskikh voynakh [Psychological operations in the raiding wars] // Natsional’naya bezopasnost’ = National security. 2013; 3: 464-470. (In Russ.).
9. Belozerov V.K., Solov’ev A.V. Gibridnaya voyna v otechestvennom politicheskom i nauchnom diskurse [Hybrid War in domestic political and scientific discourse] // Vlast’ = Power. 2015; 9: 5-11. (In Russ.).
10. Kashnikov B.N. Mif spravedlivoy voyny kak real’nost’ absolyutnogo nasiliya [The myth of a Just War as the reality of Absolute Violence]. Voenno-yuridicheskiy zhurnal = Military History Magazine. 2017; 2: 3-7. (In Russ.).
11. Kashnikov B.N. Vvedenie v teoriyu spravedlivosti. Kakaya teoriya? Ch’ya spravedlivost’? [Introduction to the Theory of Justice. What theory? Whose justice?]. Eticheskaya mysl’ = Ethical Thought. 2015; 1: 303-314. (In Russ.).
12. Kuman’kov A.D. Kontseptsiya minimal’noy spravedlivosti v filosofii voyny B. Orenda [The concept of Minimal Justice in the B. Orend`s Philosophy of War]. Kul’tura: upravlenie, ekonomika, pravo = Culture: management, economy, law. 2016; 2: 6-12. (In Russ.).
13. Taddeo M. Information Warfare : A Philosophical Perspective. Philosophy and Technology, 2012, no. 25(1), pp. 105-120.
14. The Ethics of Information Warfare. Ed. by Floridi, M. Taddeo. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04135-3.
15. Floridi L. The Latent Nature of Global Information Warfare. Philosophy & Technology, 2014, Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp 317-319. doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0171-x.
16. Stevens T. Information Warfare : A Response to Taddeo. Philosophy & Technology, 2013, Vol. 26, Issue 2, pp 221-225. doi:10.1007/s13347-012-0070-y.
17. Korotkiy T.R., Koval’ D.A. Ponyatie informatsionnoy voyny v mezhdunarodnom prave [The concept of Information War in International Law]. Al’manakh Mezhdunarodnogo prava = Almanac of International Law. 2010; 2: 331-343. (In Russ.).
18. Pagallo U. Cyber Force and the Role of Sovereign States in Informational Warfare. Philosophy & Technology, 2015, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp 407-425. doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0177-4.
19. Schmitt M. N. The law of cyber warfare: quo vadis? Stanford Law and Policy Review, 2014, no. 25, pp. 269–299. Available at: http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/stanlp25&div=16&id=&page= (accessed 26.04.2017).
20. Aloyo E. Just War Theory and the Last of Last Resort. Ethics & International Affairs, 2015, no. 29(2), pp. 187-201. doi:10.1017/S0892679415000064.
21. Durante M. Violence, Just Cyber War and Information. Philosophy & Technology, 2015, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp 369-385. doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0176-5.
22. Kelsay J. Just War Thinking as a Social Practice. Ethics & International Affairs, 2013, no. 27(1), pp. 67-86. doi:10.1017/S0892679412000780.