DOI: http://doi.org/10.15350/2409-7616.2020.2.23

Natalya A. Mashkina – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Credit, Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, RSCI SPIN code: 4702-4436, E-mail: t.natusia@yandex.ru

Valeria V. Grishina – Student of the department of economics, management and audit, Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, E-mail: leragrishina731@gmail.com

Abstract. The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as the debt load of the country’s population on the example of Russia. The term “debt” means the ratio between debt obligations and available income. Assessing the level of debt or, in other words, the debt burden of Russian citizens is relevant, because real disposable incomes have a rather long downward trend, and consumer unsecured lending is becoming more affordable, the amount of debt to Russians to creditors is increasing year by year, while the share of overdue liabilities, although not very large, still poses certain risks. This situation increases the level of debt to citizens, which poses serious challenges for the socio-economic development of the state, since excessive debt burden can lead to a crisis (as, for example, in the USA in 2008). Therefore, it is especially important to soberly assess the level of debt load and take appropriate measures in time to regulate it, in particular, to cool the consumer lending market as the most volatile segment of lending to individuals. The aim of the study is to study the concept of “borrowing of the population” and assess its level in the structural-dynamic aspect. During the study, comparison methods and economic and statistical methods were used. The tasks of the work are to determine the debt level of Russian citizens by considering the reasons for the change in the debt burden of the population, as well as to develop provisions that contribute to its reduction. The methodology of the work is to use the dialectical method of cognition and a systematic approach, the synthesis and generalization of logical modeling, as well as the mathematical-statistical method. The result of the work was a study of the debt level of the Russian population. Also, the work examined the dynamics of incomes of Russian citizens, in particular those that are actually disposable. We paid special attention to the study of the volume of accounts payable of the population, as well as its structure. The situation in the market of microfinance organizations was also considered. An important aspect of this work was a review of innovations in legislation relating to the regulation of the debt burden of the population. The main conclusion of the work was the conclusion that currently the debt load on the population of the Russian Federation is at a satisfactory level, however, under the existing conditions of the continuing decline in real disposable incomes and the growth of consumer and microfinance lending segments, the situation may get out of control. To avoid this, the Bank of Russia in October 2019 introduced a mandatory calculation of the debt burden indicator. But so far this measure is not perfect, since large banks have previously taken into account PD when deciding on the approval of a loan. However, according to experts in the banking industry, even such innovations can to some extent improve the situation in the field of consumer lending as early as 2020.

Keywords: population debt, bank loans, lending to individuals, mortgage lending, microloans, microfinance organizations.

References:

1. Alexandrova L. S. Questions of Bank lending to individuals. Business. Banks, 2018, no. 2(23), pp. 33-45. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32843780
2. Altukhova E. V. Consumer lending in Russia and financial literacy of the population: problems and prospects of development. Bulletin of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 2018, 2(98), pp. 39-46. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32824863
3. Aseev O. V., Mashkina N. A., Veliev A. E. The Banking system of the real sector of the economy under conditions of uncertainty. Bulletin of the Kursk state agricultural Academy, 2019, no. 1, 141-146. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37107190
4. Bagautdinova I. V., Palatkin Yu. S., Tokareva G. F. Main trends in lending to individuals in Russia. Russian entrepreneurship, 2017, vol. 18, no. 5, 849-858. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28889406
5. Barinov A. S. “Creditworthiness” of the Russian population in the context of threats to economic security. National interests: priorities and security, 2018, no. 7(364), 1270-1286. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35249042
6. Belyutin A.D. Analysis of retail lending risks in the banking sector of the Russian Federation. Economy and entrepreneurship, 2019, no. 2(103), 952-956. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37238839
7. Kovkhuto A. I., Svetoslava T. A. Problems and prospects of development of risk management in consumer lending. In the collection. Kursk, University Book Publ., 2018, 106-109. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36396755
8. Kuzina O. E., Krupensky N. A. Over-Crediting of Russians: myth or reality? Questions of Economics, 2018, no. 11, 85-104. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36388504
9. Mikhailova N. S. Microfinance organizations as an element of personal financial security of citizens. Vector of economy, 2019, no. 5(35), 120-129. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38304932
10. Mashkina N. A., Markina S. A., Sergeev P. V. Application of leasing as an alternative form of lending. News of Southwestern state University, 2016, no. 3 (66), 138-144.
11. Nikitina N. A. Assessment of the dynamics of consumer lending volumes. Social and economic systems, 2019, no. 5(11), 130-141. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27200263
12. Peshkova I. A., Kolmakova Yu. O., Kulikova M. A. the Role and place of mortgage lending in the system of modern consumer lending in Russia. Economy and entrepreneurship, 2019, no. 7(108), 1225-1228. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41328011
13. Ternovskaya E. P., Sharkova V. P. Features of crediting of the population in Russia: level and potential risks. Financial Economics, 2019, no. 12, 497-501. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41752225
14. Utkin V. S., Yurieva A. A. Analysis of the main problems of the Russian microfinance market. Scientific-research financial Institute. Financial magazine, 2018, no. 5(45), 97-107. (In Russian) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36335219
15. Belyaeva E., Belyaeva O., Mashkina N., Polyakova T. Modern tendencies of regional bank system development. Information Management Association Conference (IBIMA), 2019, 1586-1593. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=%2041170962
16. Markina S. A., Klimenko P. A., Mashkina N. A. Tнe influence of processеs of financial globalization and transformation on the world financial and credit system. SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social sciences and Arts, 2017, no. 1-4, 847-852. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36699561

For citation:

Mashkina N.A., Grishina V.V. Evaluation of the loan level of population of Russia. CITISE, 2020, no. 2, pp. 246-257. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15350/2409-7616.2020.2.23